ABSTRACT
Background: Valproate is an antiepileptic drug which is also known as 2-propylvaleric acid. Valproic acid ispresently the most widely used antiepileptic drug because of its antiepileptic effectiveness in a broad range ofseizure types: tonic-clonic, myoclonic, absence and partial seizures. Present work was done to evaluate the grossand histological effect of valproate on fetal mice kidney.Materials and Methods: This study was done in anatomy department of Institute of medical sciences, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi (U.P.). Single dose of valproate (200mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on 8thday of gestation and then fetuses were collected at the 18th day of gestation.Results: Kidney was reduced in size in valproate treated group fetuses as compared to kidney of control groupfetuses. On histological examination, distorted developing nephrons and clumping of bowman capsule indeveloped nephrons were seen.Conclusions: Various authors worked on valproate treated adult mice kidney. There are only few study conductedon kidney of mice fetus. In present study, valproate was found teratogenic at the dose of 200mg/kg so it shouldbe avoided in human pregnancy if possible
ABSTRACT
Pregnant Charles Foster rats were subjected to amniotic sac puncture on day 15 of gestation and the effect was observed on parturition. All the control rats as expected delivered on day 22 of gestation. In the group where all the sacs were punctured, only 12.5% rats delivered on day 22 while rest either failed to deliver (62.5%) or died (25%). In the group with unpunctured sacs at vaginal ends, 75% rats delivered on day 21 while 25% on day 22. In the group with unpunctured sacs at ovarian ends, 75% rats delivered on day 23 and rest 25% failed to deliver. The resorption rates ranged between 61 to 94% in different groups. Malformations were observed only in one pup. The results suggest that amniotic sac puncture interferes with parturition in the form of either failure or delayed parturition. Nonpatency of the birth canal due to puncture induced fetal deaths and tissue adhesions were presumed to be the contributing factors.
Subject(s)
Amniocentesis , Amnion/injuries , Amniotic Fluid , Animals , Female , Fetal Death , Fetal Viability , Gestational Age , Labor, Obstetric/physiology , Male , Pregnancy , Punctures , RatsABSTRACT
On day 15 of gestation, intraamniotic vitamin A in a dose of 150 IU was administered to the fetal rats to examine its effect on palatal closure. Fetuses subjected to only amniocentesis acted as control for the study. The fetuses were recovered on day 19, 20 and 21, respectively. Vitamin A resulted in poor development of palatine shelves. There was no clear demarcation of the base and the free margins of the shelves were either rounded or blunted with poor attempt towards closure. In the vitamin A group, the incidence of cleft palate were similar in all three days while there was a gradual decline with increasing gestational age in the amniocentesis group. The results suggest that unlike amniocentesis, in vitamin A treated fetuses, there was no attempt towards a delayed closure of the palate.
Subject(s)
Amniocentesis/adverse effects , Amniotic Fluid , Animals , Cleft Palate/etiology , Female , Palate/drug effects , Pregnancy , Rats , Vitamin A/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Based on experiments on fresh cadaveric and accidentally amputated 8 upper limbs of children, study of ulnae for presence and absence of non articular strip on the trochlear notch, measurements of carrying angle, length of forearm bones, pronation-supination, height and weight in 2250 infants, children and adults of various age groups and clinical observations on 800 cases of injuries around elbow many new facts have been observed about the development of the carrying angle and its significance in the etiopathogenesis of various types of fractures seen around the elbow. The carrying angle develops in response to pronation of the forearm and is dependent on length of the forearm bones. Lesser the length of forearm bones greater is the carrying angle. So the carrying angle is more in shorter persons as compared to taller persons. It is abduction at the shoulder and not the carrying angle which keeps the swinging upper limbs away from the side of the pelvis during walking. Carrying angle is not a secondary sex character. The type of fracture a child sustains after fall on outstretched hand is also determined by the value of the carrying angle. A new type of fracture hitherto undescribed in the literature, T-Y fracture of the distal humeral epiphysis is also reported.